Tear ducts, also known as lacrimal ducts, are responsible for draining excess tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity. A blocked tear duct occurs when this drainage system becomes obstructed, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms. Both adults and children can experience blocked tear ducts, though the causes and treatments may differ slightly. In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for blocked tear ducts in both adults and children.

What Are Tear Ducts?

Tear ducts are small tubes that run from the inner corner of the eyelids to the nose. They drain tears produced by the eyes to prevent excessive tearing, helping to maintain comfort and eye health. When these ducts become blocked, the tears cannot drain properly and instead overflow, causing irritation.

The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Blockages

• Primary Blockage: This occurs when the tear duct is blocked without any underlying medical conditions. It is often seen in infants and young children, but it can happen in adults as well.
• Secondary Blockage: This type of blockage is due to underlying conditions like infections, injury, or inflammation in the tear ducts. It is more common in adults and older individuals.

Causes of Blocked Tear Ducts

In infants, blocked tear ducts are relatively common and typically occur due to an undeveloped or narrow tear duct. Around 5% of newborns may experience this condition, which is usually present at birth.

• Congenital Blockage: This is the most common cause in children, occurring when the tear duct doesn’t open fully or remains sealed.
• Infections: In rare cases, an infection can cause swelling or pus buildup, which may block the tear duct.

Blocked tear ducts in adults are usually caused by factors like age, infection, or injury to the tear duct system.

• Aging: As people get older, the tear ducts may become narrower, leading to an increased risk of blockages.
• Infections and Inflammation: Conditions like conjunctivitis (pink eye) or sinus infections can cause swelling in and around the tear ducts, leading to blockages.
• Trauma or Injury: Injuries to the face, particularly the nose or eyes, can damage the tear ducts, resulting in a blockage.
• Tumors or Growths: Rarely, growths or tumors in the tear ducts can obstruct normal tear drainage.

Symptoms of Blocked Tear Ducts

Both adults and children experience similar symptoms when their tear ducts are blocked, though the severity may vary.

In Children:

• Excessive Tearing: Babies with blocked tear ducts often have excessive tearing or watery eyes.
• Crusty Discharge: A blocked tear duct can lead to a yellow or greenish crust around the eye, particularly upon waking.
• Redness and Swelling: The area around the eye may become swollen or red, especially if there is an infection.

In Adults:

• Persistent Watery Eyes: One of the hallmark symptoms of a blocked tear duct is persistent watery eyes, where tears do not drain properly.
• Eye Irritation or Discomfort: Blocked tear ducts can lead to a feeling of dryness, grittiness, or discomfort in the affected eye.
• Increased Risk of Eye Infections: Blockages can result in an accumulation of tears, providing a breeding ground for bacteria and leading to frequent eye infections.

Diagnosis of Blocked Tear Ducts

To diagnose blocked tear ducts, a healthcare provider typically performs a physical examination and may ask the patient about symptoms. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary:

• Fluorescein Dye Test: A small amount of dye is placed in the eye, and the doctor observes whether it drains properly. If the dye doesn't drain from the tear duct, it indicates a blockage.
• Dacryocystography: This test involves injecting dye into the tear duct and taking X-rays to observe the flow of tears and locate any blockages.

Treatment for Children

In infants and young children, blocked tear ducts often resolve on their own within the first year of life. However, there are a few treatments that can speed up the process or help alleviate symptoms:

• Massage: Parents are often advised to gently massage the tear duct area to help open the blockage.
• Warm Compresses: Applying a warm, moist cloth to the affected area can help reduce swelling and encourage drainage.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is present, a pediatrician may prescribe antibiotic eye drops to treat the infection and reduce swelling.

In rare cases, if the blockage persists, a minor surgical procedure called probing may be needed to clear the blockage. This involves using a small instrument to open the tear duct and allow normal drainage.

Treatment for Adults

For adults, the treatment approach depends on the severity and underlying cause of the blockage:

• Warm Compresses: As with children, adults can benefit from applying warm compresses to the affected eye to help relieve symptoms and reduce swelling.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is present, oral antibiotics or antibiotic eye drops may be prescribed to clear the infection and reduce inflammation.
• Tear Duct Probing or Dilation: A doctor may perform a probing procedure to open the tear duct. This is often done under local anesthesia and is an outpatient procedure.
• Surgical Intervention: In more severe cases, surgery may be required to remove obstructions or repair damaged tear ducts. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a procedure in which a new drainage pathway is created from the tear duct to the nose, bypassing the blocked area.
• Stents: In some cases, a stent may be placed in the tear duct to help keep it open while it heals.

Prevention and Long-Term Outlook

In Children: Since many cases of blocked tear ducts in infants are congenital and resolve with age, no long-term prevention is necessary. Parents can help by following any recommended at-home care, such as massaging the tear duct area.

In Adults: For adults, maintaining overall eye health is crucial. Protecting the eyes from injury, managing infections promptly, and seeking medical treatment for persistent symptoms can help prevent complications. If a blockage is related to aging or an underlying medical condition, regular eye check-ups are important.

Contact Dr. Saurbhi Khurana – Top Oculoplastic Surgeon in Haryana

If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of blocked tear ducts, don’t wait for discomfort to worsen. Dr. Saurbhi Khurana, a renowned oculoplastic surgeon in Haryana, offers expert diagnosis and treatment for eye conditions, including blocked tear ducts. With years of experience and a patient-centered approach, Dr. Khurana ensures the best possible care and recovery for all her patients.

Book an appointment today to get personalized care and treatment from one of Haryana’s top specialists!